Two stage models of perception are opposed to the minimum principle. The two models are criticized in as far as they prescribe irreversible stages toward pattern representations, i.e., in as far as these stages determine perceptual classification. The first model presupposes a process from part to whole. It is assumed that special 3D shapes, called Geons, are identified in complex objects before their compositions are recognized. It has been demonstrated that the whole pattern determines the perceptual components and that several objects are not classifiable as Geons. The second model presupposes a process from whole to part. The whole or global shape is taken as the low-resolution pattern. It is argued that precedence effects are merely evoked by specific patterns and are therefore postperceptual. A similar criticism applies to orientation segmentations of texture-like patterns.
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