Physicochemical Interaction of 'Escherichia coli' Cell Envelopes and 'Bacillus subtilis' Cell Walls with Two Clays and Ability of the Composite to Immobilize Heavy Metals from Solution

摘要

Isolated Escherichia coli K-12 cell envelopes or Bacillus subtilis 168 cell walls were reacted with smectite or kaolinite clay in distilled deionized water (pH 6.0); unbound envelopes or walls were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and the extent of adsorption was calculated. At saturation, both clays adsorbed approximately 1.0 mg (dry weight) of envelopes or walls per mg (dry weight) of clay. The addition of heavy metals increased the incidence of planar surface orientations, which suggested that multivalent metal cation bridging was coming into play and was of increasing importance. On a dry-weight basis, the envelope-clay and wall-clay mixtures bound 20 to 90% less metal than equal amounts of the individual components did. This reduction in metal-binding capacity indicates that the adsorption of the wall or envelope to clay has masked or neutralized chemically reactive adsorption sites normally available to metal ions. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed these results.