Estimating Operations and Maintenance Costs for Water Supply Systems in Developing Countries

摘要

The report presents a step-by-step technique for estimating operation and maintenance costs for water systems prior to their construction in developing countries. The technique is directed towards project planners with some technical background in water systems design and construction. The technique systematically addresses the cost components of a water system and provides forms to facilitate calculation. The cost elements are: labor, materials, chemicals, utilities, transport, private contractors, and others.