Impact of the International Liner Market on Coastal Space Utilization

摘要

The international liner marker consists of common carriers moving oceanborne trade consisting mostly of manufactured and semi-manufactured goods. Liners use published sailing schedules and published tariffs. Almost all modern liner vessels are capable of carrying marine containers and most major liner operators in U.S. foreign trade operate fully cellular ships. The facilities in the U.S. used by liner operators are owned by public port authorities. The needs of the liner operators, in terms of port facilities and services provided by public port authorities, are described. To facilitate this discussion, the liner market is first divided into three categories, where each category has different requirements. Finally, some conclusions are drawn as to the impact on coastal space utilization from liner activities.