Aid and Agricultural Extension. Evidence from the World Bank and Other Donors

摘要

The paper opens with brief examinations of the process of agricultural extension, extension as a public service and the different forms of publicly provided extension services. A more extensive discussion of the more common ways of organizing extension emphasizes the similarities and differences between, and strengths and weaknesses of, rural extension, commodity based extension and extension services founded in universities and those organized and managed by Ministries of Agriculture. The World Bank is shown to have supported all types of extension. The scale of that support and the Bank's role and aims in providing it are examined at some length, drawing on the results of extensive, but simple, statistical analysis. The achievements and objectives of other donors, particularly USAID and FAO, are similarly examined although the statistical evidence is less exhaustive. Drawing on this background several important aspects of extension are identified which require careful treatment in designing or modifying extension systems. (Copyright (c) 1989 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank).