UV-B Effects on Terrestrial Plants

摘要

The potential impacts of an increase in solar UV-B radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to stratospheric ozone depletion have been investigated by several research groups during the last 15 years. Overall, the effectiveness of UV-B varies both among species and among cultivars of a given species. Sensitive plants often exhibit reduced growth (plant height, dry weight, leaf area, etc.), photosynthetic activity and flowering. Competitive interactions may also be altered indirectly by differential growth responses. Photosynthetic activity may be reduced by direct effects on phtosynthetic enzymes, metabolic pathways or indirectly through effects on photosynthetic pigments or stomatal function. The fluence response of these changes has yet to be clearly demonstrated in most cases. Plants sensitive to UV-B may also respond by accumulating UV-absorbing compounds in their outer tissue layers, which presumably protect sensitive targets from UV damage. Several key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds have been shown to be specifically induced by UV-B irradiation. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of UV-B effects and the interactions with present stresses and future projected changes in the environment.