Integration of Multi-Modal Public Transportation Systems.

摘要

Transit ridership may be sensitive to fares, travel times, waiting times, and access times, among other factors. Thus, elastic demands are considered in formulations for maximizing the system welfare for conventional and flexible bus services. Two constrained nonlinear mixed integer optimization problems are solved with a genetic algorithm: 1) welfare maximization (for conventional and flexible services) with service capacity constraints and 2) welfare maximization with the service capacity and subsidy constraints. Numerical examples find that with the input parameters assumed here, conventional services produce greater system welfare (consumer surplus + producer surplus) than flexible services. Numerical analysis also finds that if the operating cost is fully subsidized, flexible services generate more actual trips than conventional services. For comparing actual trips between the zero subsidy and the fully subsidized cases, the actual trips for conventional services is increased 10.5% while the actual trips for flexible services is increased 15.6%.