A STUDY OF APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO RIVER FORECASTING VOLUME Ⅱ – DETAILED TECHNICAL REPORT : NASA – IBM STREAMFLOW FORECAST MODEL USER’S GUIDE

摘要

That aspect of hydrology known as streanflow forecasting undertakes to predict the outflow from a river basin, in terms of flow rate as a function of time, in response to a given precipitation event under given initial conditions. This capability is vital to effective planning for urban/industrial development, flood control, hydroelectric power, navigation, and water resources management.nFigure 2-1 depicts the cross section of a somewhat idealized rural catchment and identifies the principal phenomena at work in the rainfall-runoff relationship. The input (precipitation) is partially intercepted by vegetation and water retention areas. Moisture reaching pervious surfaces divides among overland flow, infiltration, and evaporation. Through subsurface processes, interflow and groundwater flow contribute ultimately to streanflow, with some losses due to transpiration through plant life. In certain reasons, in winter, moisture is stored in the form of snow in portions of the basin, and melts to produce additional roistered movement in spring.