Smoke Transmission and Reflection Threshold (START) Model; the Oldebroek (Netherlands) 2 Trials, May 1981

摘要

The contrast reduction caused by the effects of smoke and the natural atmosphere are analyzed. The minimum requirement for a smoke screen to make a target invisible is described in terms of a transmission threshold or a reflection threshold. The dependence of these thresholds on environmental parameters is described with the Smoke Transmission And Reflection Threshold model. A target is visible when the actual transmission is greater than the transmission threshold, or when the actual smoke reflection is below the reflection threshold. The transmission and reflection thresholds depend on distances in the field, inherent target contrast, visual range, and type of smoke. Prediction of the occurrence of holes, the perceptual quality of the smoke screen, and the reduction in effectiveness of weapons is discussed.