Finite elements have been developed for the analysis of plane stress plane strain problems, bodies of resolution, and shells of revolution3,4. However, considerable difficulties have been encountered in the development of suitable plate and shell elements. These difficulties are caused by the need for both displacement and slope compatibility along the lines connecting the elements which in turn is caused by the dependence of the internal energy en the second derivatives of the normal displacement. One way to avoid the need for compatibility of first derivatives is to include transverse shear deformations thus yielding a strain energy expression as a function of the first derivatives only.
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