Atmospheric trace element deposition in Norway studied by ICP-MS

摘要

This thesis presents data for 34 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, La, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) in atmospheric deposition from remote and rural sites in Norway. The data are based on analyses of precipitation and most used as biomonitor of atmospheric deposition. The present data set is the most extensive so far reported for trace element deposition in Norway, and probably also on an international level. By means of principal component analysis and enrichment factors (in the case of precipitation), the following sources have been found to be important with respect to trace elements in atmospheric deposition in Norway: Long-range atmospheric transport of anthropogenic elements from other parts of Europe; Local point sources of air pollution within or closely outside Norwegian borders; Crustal sources; Atmospheric transport from the marine environment. The highest concentrations of elements associated with anthropogenic activities occur in north-eastern Norway (Co, Ni, Cu) and in the southern part of the country (V, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Pb, Bi). This is attributed to industrial activities at the Kola peninsula, Russia, and to long-range atmospheric transport from more densely populated and heavily industrialized regions in Europe. Most of the time the concentration levels in precipitation are relatively low at Norwegian background stations. During periods with special meteorological situations, very high concentrations of long-range transported elements may be seen. Usually these are anthropogenic derived elements from other parts of Europe, but the present study indicates that Sahara dust also may reach Norway. 106 refs.