Two energy-efficient showerhead programs: Post-retrofit field observations

摘要

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has analyzed two Northwest utility-sponsored energy-efficient showerhead retrofit programs since 1992. In the first program, PNL retrofitted 105 residences in the Pacific Northwest that are end-use metered under the Regional End-Use Metering Program (REMP) study sponsored by the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville). In the second program, PNL performed verification site visits on a sample of 100 participants in a utility-sponsored showerhead retrofit program in the Puget Sound area. PNL conducted the site visits to verify the installation and persistence of energy-efficient showerheads distributed by a local utility. In the first retrofit program, showerheads were professionally installed. PNL's analyses focused on determining sample participation rates, installation rates, and the actual flow rates before and after retrofit. In the second retrofit program, more than 75% of the showerheads were occupant-installed. Analysis efforts focused on installation rates, presistence rates, and customer response to energy-efficient showerheads. Both programs resulted in persistence rates of more than 90%. However, the customer-installed program yielded a 30% overall effectiveness by home, and the professional-installed program yielded 88% effectiveness, or nearly three times that of the customer-installed program. This paper will give an overview of the two field studies, compare and contrast the field data, discuss installation and presistence rates, and estimate, based on field data alone, the program effectiveness associated with the different distribution methods.