Analysis of straw and straw ashes. Part 3. Alternative characterization methods

摘要

In the activity 'Utilization of Straw and Similar Agricultural Residues', which is an activity organized under the IEA Bioenergy Agreement, Task X, it was agreed that there is an urgent need for an international harmonization of analytical methods suitable for a general description of straw and straw ash in relation to energy utilization. As a support for the work in the activity, a Round Robin including the most commonly used parameters for straw and straw ash was carried out. The result of this Round Robin combined with the existing experience in the participating countries is the basis for the recommendations in part 1 of this document. At the present state, the recommendations are given for suitable methods in principle, not as detailed prescriptions. In the long view it is, however, the intention, that the recommendations should result in international standards. In the meantime it is expected that comments to the recommendations will be received, and hereby creating a wider basis for working out standard methods in detail. During the work it was recognized that used methods for some of the commonly analysed parameters need a further investigation before it can be decide, whether the methods are suitable for the characterization of biomass for energy utilization. These parameters are discussed in part 2. Furthermore, it was recognized that there is a need for other and more specialized methods for description of problems related to the utilization, such as reactivity, slagging/fouling, and corrosion. In part 3 there is a view over reported alternative methods for the characterization of straw and straw ashes, and in part 4 is listed both finished and on going research and development concerning analysis and characterization of biomass for energy utilization in the participating IEA countries. The present part is part 3. Alternative characterization methods. (EG)