Improving the efficiency of high purity water systems

摘要

High purity water (HPW) production involves the consumption of substantial amounts of energy, precious potable water, harsh /hazardous chemicals, and other environmental/impact materials. The discharge of some of the waste products from HPW systems is also a concern. The purpose of this paper is to discuss techniques to improve the efficiency of HPW production and thereby reduce any negative effects on the environment. It provides specific examples of how end-users and equipment suppliers are increasing the efficiency of their pretreatment, reverse osmosis, ion-exchange, and sanitization technology while frequently citing capital and operating cost reductions.