Energetic particle observations at geosynchronous orbit

摘要

The region of space near geosynchronous altitudes is important for the processes which contribute to magnetic storms. During substorms magnetic energy is converted to particle kinetic energy resulting in the (open quotes)substorm injections(close quotes) commonly observed at geosynchronous orbit. These injections are manifested in energies from a few tens of keV to hundreds of keV and, on occasion, to the MeV energy range. The injected particles are subject to gradient and curvature drifts and therefore contribute to the ring current. It is common to think of a magnetic storm as a superposition of substorms in which the injection rate into the ring current exceeds the loss rate due to scattering, diffusion, and precipitation. In this paper the authors review current understanding of substorm injections and examine geosynchronous energetic particle data for the signatures of magnetic storms and for clues to the storm-substorm connection. (ERA citation 19:034520)