Technology data characterizing space conditioning in office buildings: Application to end-use forecasting with COMMEND 4.0

摘要

This report characterizes the present commercial floorstock for offices in terms of space-conditioning technologies and develops cost-efficiency data for these technologies. The report also characterizes the annual and peak space-conditioning requirements for the building stock. The representation of space conditioning end uses is complicated by several factors. First, the number of configurations of HVAC systems and heating and cooling plants is very large. Second, the properties of the building envelope are an integral part of the energy consumption characteristics of the building. Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI's) Commercial End-Use Planning System (COMMEND 4.0) and the associated data development presented in this report attempt to tackle the above complications and create a consistent forecasting framework. Data in this report come from various sources including the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), EPRI, and LBL publications. Other sources include cost-estimation publications used in industry. Prototype simulations using the DOE-2 building energy analysis program were used for the generation of data related to the efficiencies of shell measures, HVAC systems and utilization systems (controls and economizers).