Ammonia volatilization from cow and pig manure - Results of laboratory studies with a new climate chamber technique

摘要

It is estimated that in Sweden about 80% of the ammonia emissions derive from animal manure while only 20% are from other sources. Measures have been taken and will be taken to even greater extents in the next couple of years to increase the understanding of ammonia volatilization and to decrease ammonia losses from animal manure. The rate of ammonia volatilization from manure depends on many parameters. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between ammonia emission from manure and the air flow rate over the manure surface, the area of manure surface, the manure temperature, the temperature in the air above the manure, and the surface roughness of manure. For this purpose, an ammonia measuring chamber was used. In the report, a thorough literature review of the various parameters influencing ammonia volatilization is also presented. 47 refs, 20 figs, 22 tabs