Energy load in low energy residences. An analysis of the total energy use in 5 versions of a Norwegian residence.

摘要

The purpose of the study has been to investigate whether Norwegian low energy residences have a lower energy consumption throughout their existence than residences built according to the present practises. The building life span includes in this context production of the necessary building materials, construction and use of the house and demolition and handling of the demolition materials after the house lifetime is over. 5 versions of the building are analysed: (1) A residence built after the building practise according to the 1987 building regulations. (2) A residence built according to the expected practise using the 1997 regulations. (3) A low energy residence which satisfies the demands of U-Values in the 1997 technical regulations but with solar energy equipment and efficient heat recirculation of the exhaust air. (4) A well insulated, low energy residence aided by advanced solar and low energy systems that has a very low energy consumption when in operation. (5) A residence with alternative materials compared to what is normally used in Norwegian residences. The buildings are row houses built at Hamar. All the materials used are mapped. How a large part of the materials is used as well as what materials dominate the various building parts are investigated. The energy content values in most of the building materials have been determined. The yearly energy consumption for operating all the building versions is calculated and the energy for operating is 5 times higher in residences with the largest energy consumption than in residences with the lowest consumption. The energy reduction for all the technical installations used in the row house in the study is determined. The energy consumption for demolition after the life span and transporting the demolition waste is also considered. Finally an analysis is carried out for investigating how uncertainties in the various phases of the life span of the building versions may influence the obtained results. Both an advanced solar energy residence and a house with more traditional solar energy use have in total a lower energy consumption when both energy content and energy consumption for operation are considered than in a traditionally built house of the same type. Generally most of the buildings both use solar energy and energy conservation measures combined with materials with low energy content. 41 refs., 186 tabs., 42 figs., 5 ills.