Characterization of Fracture Patterns in the Geysers Geothermal Reservoir by Shear-wave Splitting

摘要

We have analyzed the splitting of shear waves from microearthquakes recorded by a 16-station three-component seismic network at the Northwest Geysers geothermal field, Geysers, California, to determine the preferred orientation of subsurface fractures and cracks. Average polarization crack directions with standard deviation were computed for each station. Also, graphical fracture characterizations in the form of equal-area projections and rose diagrams were created to depict the results. The main crack orientations within the steam field are predominately in the N10E to N50E direction, consistent with expected fracture directions in a pull-apart basin created by sub-parallel right-lateral strike-slip faults related to the San Andreas fault system. Time delays range from 15-60 ms, similar to the time delays from previous studies at geothermal reservoirs. We have detected a significant increase in time delays between 1988 and 1994, which we attribute to widening of the cracks or filling of the cracks with fluid. Increase in production activities during this time also could have influenced this widening.