首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 2: Intensity Frontier. Conference: Contributed to Community Summer Study 2013: Snowmass on the Mississippi (CSS 2013), 29 Jul - 6 Aug 2013. Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 2: Intensity Frontier. Conference: Contributed to Community Summer Study 2013: Snowmass on the Mississippi (CSS 2013), 29 Jul - 6 Aug 2013. Minneapolis, MN, USA.

机译:规划美国粒子物理学的未来(snowmass 2013):第2章:强度前沿。会议:为2013年社区夏季研究做出贡献:密西西比州斯诺马斯(Css 2013),2013年7月29日至8月6日。美国明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市。

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Particle physics aims to understand the universe around us. The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics describes the basic structure of matter and the forces through which matter interacts, to the extent we have been able to probe thus far. However, it leaves some big questions unanswered. Some are within the SM itself, such as why there are so many fundamental particles and why they have different masses. In other cases, the SM simply fails to explain some phenomena, such as the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, the existence of dark matter, and the presence of non-zero neutrino masses. These gaps lead us to conclude that the universe must contain new and unexplored elements of nature. These questions are best pursued with a variety of approaches, rather than with a single experiment or technique. Particle physics uses three basic approaches, often characterized as exploration along the Cosmic, Energy and Intensity Frontiers. Each employs different tools and techniques, but they ultimately address the same fundamental questions. This allows a multi-pronged approach, where attacking basic questions from different angles furthers knowledge and provides deeper answers, so that the whole is more than a sum of the parts. The Intensity Frontier explores fundamental physics with intense sources and ultra-sensitive detectors. It encompasses searches for extremely rare processes and for tiny deviations from Standard Model expecta- tions. Intensity Frontier experiments use precision measurements to probe quantum effects. They typically investigate new laws of physics that manifest themselves at higher energies or weaker interactions than those directly accessible at high-energy particle accelerators. This is illustrated in Fig. 2-1. These experiments require the greatest possible beam intensities of neutrinos, electrons, muons, photons or hadrons, as well as large detectors. This provides an opportunity for substantial new discoveries complementary to Energy and Cosmic Frontier experiments. For neutrinos, large underground detectors are central and necessary to understand the physics beyond the Standard Model that has been revealed by the avor oscillation of massive neutrinos. Coupled with intense neutrino beams, they provide the means to establish the neutrino mass hierarchy and determine the CP-violating phase inherent in the predominant three- avor paradigm, which is still to be robustly confirmed. This design also empowers searches for unexpected phenomena such as non-standard interactions or sterile neutrinos. Super-massive, underground detectors continue the search for baryon number violation by increasing the sensitivity to the proton lifetime by an order of magnitude, moving deep into the territory motivated by current thinking on the unification of forces. High-resolution, low-background underground detectors search for exotic nuclear decays to determine whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles.

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