Inactivation of Various Influenze Strains to Model Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) with Various Disinfectant Chemistries

摘要

Currently, there is a high risk that an avian influenza pandemic outbreak could occur throughout the world. Increased globalization and the avian influenza virus' natural reservoir among migratory waterfowl (7) translate into elevated risk of this disease emergence in our nation. High pathogenic avian influenza, H5N1, initially emerged in 1996, with 18 total human cases. Six of these cases caused fatalities in Hong Kong in 1997 (9). Since that time, the virus has moved into avian and human populations in Viet Nam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, and again in China. H5N1 virus has also recently (2005) been detected in birds in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia (9). Human treatment will likely rely on vaccine development and production as well as the use of available antiviral drugs. Many experts are not certain if enough vaccine protecting against H5N1 will be approved or available for use. Neuraminidase inhibitors, including oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamir (Relenza) are recommended for use but are only effective if administered early. The objective of this research was to evaluate various test disinfectants for efficacy against various isolates of influenza A including a mammalian strain (H1N1, A/WSN/33) and a low pathogenic avian influenza strain (H5N8, isolated from turkey) to be used as surrogates for the high pathogenic avian influenza strain, H5N1. Physiochemical groups of viruses are believed to react similarly to disinfectants, due to the presence of similar structural targets such as structural surface proteins, capsid proteins, or the presence of a lipid envelope (3). On this basis, the surrogate strains (H1N1 and H5N8) of influenza A were deemed appropriate for evaluating the efficacy of disinfectants that could potentially be used against the H5N1 high pathogenic avian influenza A.