ENERGY IMPLICATIONS OF SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STRATEGIES

摘要

The amounts of energy needed for or saved by operation of several environmental protection strategies are examined. The areas considered include:urban passenger traffic, waste water treatment, solid waste management, air-pollution control, and waste heat dissipation. The energy costs and savings of a shift to mass transit from automobiles, of automobile air-pollution-control devices, and of energy-efficient automobile designs are examined. Electric energy costs are determined for primary and secondary sewage treatment plants as functions of plant size. Energy costs and savings are computed for solid waste disposal, recycle, and use as fuel. Energy needs for air-pollution control at stationary sources arc evaluated. Finally, several options for improving energy-use efficiency are noted. The energy required to meet the environmental needs discussed — based on the limitations and assumptions in this study — are small relative to total energy use.