Methanol Fuel Modification for Highway Vehicle Use. Final Report

摘要

A number of problems that might occur if methanol were used as a blending stock or replacement for gasoline in present cars are identified and characterized as to the probability of their occurring and the severity of their consequences. Possibilities for correcting several problems are reported. Some problems are responsive to fuel modification but others require or are better dealt with by modification of vehicles and the bulk fuel distribution system. Phase separation on exposure to water and increased tendency to vapor lock, two major problems with blends, can both be alleviated by incorporation of cosolvent higher alcohols, ones which can be produced with methanol when it is manufactured from synthesis gas. Fuels consisting mostly of methanol require some modification of gasoline engines if the engines are to operate. If such modifications were made, starting cars at low temperatures would still be a problem. Startability can be provided by adding gasoline or light hydrocarbons; these increase the susceptibility of the fuel to vapor lock but not beyond tolerable limits. Addition of gasoline also alleviates other problems related to toxicity and safety hazards. Still other problems of both blends and methanol-rich fuels can be treated with selected additives. Some observations have been made on differences between methanol and ethanol in gasoline blends. An extension of the work is planned to study problems and corrective measures with ethanol-containing fuels. (ERA citation 04:000977)