Excitation of Shape-Vibrational Modes in Nuclei by Relativistic Heavy Ions

摘要

Data on excitation of collective 2 exp + and 3 exp - states in relativistic (greater than or equal to 250 MeV/N) heavy-ion collisions are reviewed. Indirect evidence on excitation to the giant quadrupole region of exp 16 O at 2 GeV/N is put forward. Our theoretical approach uses the diffuse-edge diffraction model. A microscopic model is used to relate the elemental nucleon-nucleon total cross section to the nuclear transparency parameters for the diffraction model. The integrated inelastic cross sections are approximately inversely proportional to the thickness of the diffuse partial transmission region. Coulomb excitation of giant quadrupole states in the projectile appears to be negligible in comparison to the excitation produced by nuclear interactions. (ERA citation 06:016273)