Enhanced Coal Liquefaction with Ammonia and Amines in Single and Binary Solvent Systems. Third Quarterly Report, April 1-June 30, 1984

摘要

Research was extended to study the behavior of North Dakota lignite in ammonia. Temperature was found to be the most important variable affecting the amount of ammonia extract. The yield was weakly dependent on solvent density near the critical region, and was essentially independent of reaction time after 5 hours. The highest conversion (38%, daf) occurred at 400 exp 0 C. Ammonia extraction was compared with vacuum pyrolysis and tetralin hydroliquefaction. For three major coals ammonia extraction produced higher conversion than vacuum pyrolysis. In comparison with hydroliquefaction with tetralin, the yield of ammonia extraction was not competitive. In addition, pretreatment of lignite with supercritical ammonia at 145 exp 0 C had an adverse effect on the yield from tetralin hydroliquefaction. However, because significant removal of oxygen functional groups does not occur below 200 exp 0 C, pretreatment at higher temperature could enhance the yield. Residue products were characterized by Soxhlet extraction and elemental analysis. Extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 5 references, 6 figures, 4 tables. (ERA citation 10:012073)