Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Enriched Fractions from Coal Liquefaction Materials

摘要

The mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of synthetic fuels from several sources were compared. In vitro tests consisted of the standard histidine reversion test with Salmonella typhimurium TA-98, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) forward mutation assay and the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) transformation assay. In vivo carcinogenesis tests consisted of the mouse skin painting initiation/promotion (I/P) and chronic mouse skin painting assays. Materials tested included: Wilmington crude petroleum, shale oil, solvent refined coal (SRC)-I and -II liquids; and chemical class fractions prepared from SRC-II distillate fractions. Wilmington crude petroleum was mutagenically inactive in the Ames assay but induced low levels of transformation in the SHE assay and the formation of tumors in both the I/P and chronic skin painting assays. Most of the mutagenic, cell-transforming and carcinogenic activities of coal liquids were localized in material that distilled above 700 exp 0 F. When chemical class fractions from SRC-II distillates were assayed for biological activity, most of the carcinogenic activity was localized in the neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrogen polycyclic aromatic compound (NPAC) fractions. The highest microbial mutagenic activity was found in the NPAC fraction, although lower levels of significant activity were also found in the PAH and hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HPAH). The mammalian in vitro assays were especially sensitive to PAH but also showed a response to other chemical classes. The mammalian in vitro assays were much more sensitive to the PAH fractions than was S. typhimurium TA-98, while the microbial mutagenicity test was more responsive to NPAC and HPAH constituents. 27 references, 4 figures. (ERA citation 09:050637)