KIVA: A Computer Program for Two- and Three-Dimensional Fluid Flows with Chemical Reactions and Fuel Sprays

摘要

This report describes the KIVA computer program, which solves the equations of transient multicomponent chemically reactive fluid dynamics, together with those for the dynamics of an evaporating liquid spray. The program has been developed with applications to internal combustion engines specifically in mind, and contains a number of features to facilitate such applications. However, most of the program structure is quite general, and the program can be adapted to a variety of other applications with only minor modifications. The formulation is fully three-dimensional, but planar and axisymmetric two-dimensional options are also provided. KIVA is a time-marching finite-difference program that uses an acoustic subcycling method for efficiency at low Mach number. Spatial differences are formed with respect to a generalized three-dimensional mesh of arbitrary hexahedrons whose corner locations are specified functions of time. This feature allows a Lagrangian, Eulerian, or mixed description, and is particularly useful for representing curved or moving boundaries. A subgrid scale turbulence model including turbulent energy transport is included, and a turbulent law-of-the-wall boundary layer option is provided. Arbitrary numbers of species and chemical reactions are allowed. The latter are subdivided into kinetic and equilibrium reactions, which are treated by different algorithms. A discrete-particle technique is used to represent an evaporating liquid spray, including the effects of droplet collisions and coalescence. The governing equations, numerical scheme, and program structure are described in detail, and a FORTRAN listing of the program is given in an appendix. 34 references, 19 figures. (ERA citation 10:023996)