Effects of State Support on Industry and on the Market for Solar Heating, Heat Pumps and Heat Storage

摘要

The objective of this investigation has been to study in detail the effects of State energy research, development and demonstration support on industry and the market for solar heating, heat pumps and heat storage. Particular attention has been paid to demonstrating direct results from various forms of State support, and to investigating whether better results could be obtained in the future through any change to the form of support. State energy research, development and demonstration support is regarded as having been wholly decisive for technological development within the solar heating and large-scale heat storage sectors. Within the heat pump sector, State energy research, development and demonstration support and market introduction support have accelerated the market and also created markets within certain niches which the manufacturers themselves would not have been able to exploit. Indirect support in the form of training and courses at institutes of technology and universities, special courses, etc. has played an important part in establishing knowledge in all areas of the three energy technologies. Examples exist today within the solar heating sector of commercial components that have been developed with the help of State R and D support, and commercial systems are now starting to be built in the heat storage sector using a technology that has been developed in State-supported projects. (ERA citation 13:036479)