Ice Problems in Hydro Power Plants

摘要

A survey directed to Swedish power companies has shown that the areas of engineering ice mechanics that are of most concern to hydro power operation can be divided into the following three groups: 1. Ice against structures, i.e. forces, manoeuvrability of gates and other mechanical equipment. 2. Problems caused by frazil, i.e. intake clogging, turbine interference and anchor ice formation. 3. Head losses caused by ice covers and ice jams. A number of ice problems encountered at Swedish hydro power plants are presented and methods to combat and reduce such problems are discussed. A major problem is the formation of frazil. Clogging of intakes and other problems caused by adfreeze of frazil will cease once the actual river reach has become ice covered. Conditions for ice cover formation on rivers is therefore also discussed, and the need for more research regarding basic mechanisms in the process of ice cover formation is pointed out. The ultimate goal, from an engineering point of view, would thus be to develop mathematical models whereby ice cover formation on rivers can be accurately predicted. (ERA citation 13:050938)