Thermal loads on tokamak plasma facing components during normal operation and disruptions.

摘要

Power loadings experienced by tokamak plasma facing components during normal operation and during off-normal events are discussed. A model for power and particle flow in the tokamak boundary layer is presented and model predictions are compared to infrared measurements of component heating. The inclusion of the full three-dimensional geometry of the component and of the magnetic flux surface is very important in the modeling. Experimental measurements show that misalignment of component armor tile surfaces by only a millimeter can lead to significant localized heating. An application to the design of plasma facing components for future machines is presented. Finally, thermal loads expected during tokamak disruptions are discussed. The primary problems are surface melting and vaporization due to localized intense heating during the disruption thermal quench and volumetric heating of the component armor and structure due to localized impact of runaway electrons. 44 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.