Quark mass difference and the origin of charge symmetry breaking

摘要

Evidence for charge symmetry breaking in nuclear and particle physics in presented and it is shown that all of the observed effects can be explained by the mass and electric charge difference between d and u quarks. While hadron masses depend on the sum of the quark masses, charge symmetry breaking effects depend on the difference between d and u quark masses providing a new quark mass relation. 25 refs., 3 tabs.