General Ismail: Modern Arab Leader/Warrior

摘要

The 1973 Arab-Israeli War ended differently than the three previous conflicts between these two countries. As a result of this conflict, the Egyptian Armed Forces regained its confidence and pride and Egypt achieved its political and military objectives. Prior to the conflict, military analysts and intelligence experts believed there could be no war between these enemies. Israel was satisfied with the status quo and Egypt would not begin a conflict because the experts believed there was no way the Egyptians could win. The major difference between these conflicts and the outcomes was the appointment of Oeneral Ismail to lead the Egyptian Armed Forces. The purpose of this paper is to outline the strategic leadership of General Ismail prior to the conflict. General Ismail had extensive military education and experience at all levels of command which led to his selection as the Minister of War. General Ismail used his education and experience to craft a strategic vision for the Armed Forces. That vision was rooted in an understanding of his country's and his enemy's political strategies. He knew the strengths and weakness of his country and that of his enemy which he melded into a comprehensive military strategy and a concept of operations. His use of surprise and the military crossing of the Suez Canal and Bar Lev Line are regarded by many military analysts as exceptional military achievements. General Ismail's strategic vision was comprehensive, innovative, and a model for senior leaders.