Neural Responses to Injury: Prevention, Protection, and Repair. Volume 3: Part II. The Neuro-immunology of Stress, Injury and Infection

摘要

Since the previous review on the role of oplolds in the immune system, numerous Investigative teams have contributed to the growing pool of Information Illustrating the tangible relationship between opiolds and Immune function, particularly as this association pertains to bacterial and viral pathogens. In addition, the recent cloning of both neural and immunederived opiold receptors will ultimately facilitate the Identification of molecular events that are responsible for the Immunomodulatory effects that are mediated by receptor ligation. Specifically, the administration of oplolds In vivo can potentially affect the Immune system either through direct interactIon with receptors on the effector cells or Indirectly, through the ligation of receptors found within the central nervous system. This indirect routing Is hypothesized to Involve secondary pathways Including the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (LIPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system ultimately resulting in immunomodulatlon. Consequently, a portion of this review addresses the recent data on leukocvte-derlved oplold receptors and the potential Immunoregulatory role relative to opiold receptors found within the central nervous system. In addition, recent observations on the effects of oplolds and immunocompetence is reviewed from both a molecular and cellular perspective. Finally, the consequence of oplold exposure on the competence of the host Immune system to microbial pathogens is summarized.