Pressure Politics and Free Trade: Influence of the Services Industry on the Uruguay Round.

摘要

American trade policy in this century has been charactered by a struggle between interests seeking protection from imports against free trade advocates In 1935 political scientist E E Schattschneider concluded that effective special interest pressure convinced Congress to ignore warnings and dramatically raise tariffs in the 1930 Smoot-Hawley bill Schattschneider was the first of many political scientists to analyze why opponents of trade liberalization exert political influence disproportionate to their numbers He concluded that consumers exert less political influence over trade policy than business because they tend to be less well organized.