Handbook for Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Sites (A Risk-Based Strategy)

摘要

The Air Force is responsible for thousands of sites throughout the United States and abroad that are contamnated with petroleum hydrocarbons such as jet fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline, and heating oil. Despite significant improvements in fuels management over the past 20 years, equipment failures and human error will continue to create new spills which may require remediation. The purpose of this handbook is to provide Air Force environmental managers and their supporting technical specialists with a comprehensive strategy for cost- effectively cleaning up soils and groundwater contaminated by petroleum releases. The original Air Force Handbook for Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Sites, which was published in 1993, has been updated to include the most recent advances in site investigation techniques and remedial approaches and technologies. In addition, since publication of the 1993 handbook, positive regulatory changes have taken place as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and a majority of state regulatory agencies have adopted more flexible, risk-based regulations for petroleum release sites. In addition, many states now recognize natural attenuation as a viable treatment alternative for petroleum-contaminated groundwater. These regulatory changes have had significant impacts on the remediation process, and have been fully incorporated into this new handbook.