User's Guide on the Use of GOES-8, SSM/T and SSM/T-2 Radiance Measurements in MM5: The Radiative Transfer Models, and Their Tangent Linear and Adjoint operators

摘要

This documentation describes, the development of the RTM and it tangent linear and adjoint models for the use of new Goestationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system, Defense Meteorology Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Temperature sounder SSM/T, the Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Profiler SSM/T-2. The RTM is the major forward (observation) operator which calculates the radiance based on the model state and the input of the satellite geometry. The tangent linear and adjoint of the forward observation operator is developed according to the method described by Navon et al. (1992) and is also described in this documentation. While temperature and humidity retrievals from satellite observations have played some roles in numerical weather prediction, more benefits may be obtained by the direct use of the rawer form of data, which could be handled with the introduction of adjoint techniques into meteorology. This document is organized as follows: A brief description of GOES-8, SSM/T and SSM/T2 Satellites is provided in Section 2. The RTMs are presented in Section 3. Section 4 reports the development of the tangent linear and adjoint of RTMs and the correctness test results. The linkage of the RTM and the RTM adjoint operator is given in Section 5. The last section, Section 6, provides a description of the source codes.