Microbial Fuel Cells for Powering Navy Devices.

摘要

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are fuel cells that generate electrical power by using microorganisms to catalyze the anode reaction. In theory, they can range in scale from less than 1 W to more than 1 MW. They promise relatively high energy density (Wh/L) compared to lithium batteries and hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells and relatively high specific energy (Wh/kg) compared to lithium batteries by using nonexplosive biomass-derived organic matter as fuel, such as glucose and acetate. While they promise relatively low power density (W/L) and low specific power (W/kg) owing to relatively low rates of microbe-catalyzed anode reactions, recent advancements indicate that power densities comparable to alkaline batteries are within reach. They are therefore being investigated primarily for low power consuming, long duration applications such as remotely deployed sensors, for which they may prove superior to existing power supplies when fully developed. MFCs for such applications are estimated here to be at technology readiness level (TRL) 3. MFCs are also being investigated to generate electrical power from the biomass content of wastewater (i.e., sewage) in order to offset energy consumption of wastewater treatment processes. MFCs for this application are estimated to be at TRL 4.