Unprecedented: Space-based Information in Operation Iraqi Freedom

摘要

Combat Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) was characterized by an unprecedented reliance on Space-based information systems. U.S. forces relied heavily on Space-based communications, as did the Iraqi regime and regional governments who had a stake in the outcome. In all cases, combatant forces leveraged commercial Space systems to further their individual objectives. In addition, global media organizations dispatched and assembled to cover the war were equipped with a variety of Space-based voice, data, and live video systems capable of broadcasting to a worldwide audience as events unfolded. In all these use cases, coalition, Iraqi regime, contiguous governments, and media operations depended on Space-based information to meet their objectives. This article describes information activities and kinetic 'information' targeting in OIF, followed by a look at recent state and non-state sponsored attacks against Space systems. Finally, within the context of Department of Defense Space Directives and the Army Space Policy, the article seeks to highlight the implications of our nation's increasing reliance on Space information through all phases of conflict.