Die Liberalisierung de Telekommunikationsbranche in Deutschland( The Liberalization of the Telecommunication-Industry in Germany)

摘要

There was a duet-pole-competition at least since 1991. Since the market-opening in the year 1998, however, the German telecommunication-industry has, like the telecommunication in other European countries, had dramatic development experiences: Numerous new suppliers of telecommunication-services have the market or, said more exactly, have markets with more favorable and/or innovative offers. Vehement price-adaptations (mostly markdowns) and market share-postponements were the consequence of the corresponding consequences of consumers and suppliers. The present paper describes and analyzes the liberalization taken place in the telecommunication-sector in Germany. For this purpose, the liberalization-measures are described and are analyzed their effects on the different markets. While the competition in the markets for fine - and foreign-conversations is quite able to function, this is not yet the case in the place-net and with advances. The reasons for lacking competition in these areas are different. While advances are resistant to natural monopolies at least for the medium-term in many cases, they have the quality of essential facilities ('essential facilities'), in many cases, lacking competition also is regulation conditional in the place-net.