Evaluation Of Biocides for Potential Treatment of Ballast Water

摘要

This report documents the investigation, characterization, and evaluation of biocides that demonstrate potential for ballast water treatment application. A literature search was conducted for information on various aspects of biocides, including their biological treatment efficacy, environmental acceptability, and shipboard safety and practicality, and regulations governing them. Vendors and manufacturers of biocides were also contacted, in order to obtain the most recent data regarding the candidate biocides. The information was organized into a searchable relational database designed to generate a fact sheet for each biocide, summarizing a series of evaluation criteria. Each biocide was evaluated to determine its applicability to ballast water. Chlorine dioxide, glutaraldehyde, SeaKleen , and cationic surfactants were identified as potential ballast water treatment agents for marine and freshwater use. Copper, bromine, iodine, sodium chlorite, chloramines, ozone, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, and Dowacil 75 were determined to be poor biocidal options for ballast water treatment. Several other biocides demonstrated some efficacy but further research would be required before they could be characterized. The recommendations offered to support future decisions on biocide use include continuing research on environmentally-friendly chemicals for use as biocides, conducting experiments on the effects that marine conditions could have on the efficacy and fate of those biocides, and encouraging pilot-scale design studies of ballast water biocidal treatment processes.