Evaluation of Commercially Available Fluid Warming Devices for Use in Forward Surgical and Combat Areas.

摘要

The fluid-warming capabilities of four individual fluid warmers, i.e. Level 1, FMS 2000, Thermal Angel, and Ranger, were compared to evaluate their potential for medical use i forward military echelons of care. Lactated Ringer's solution(LR) and Hextend at room temperature (20 Degrees C) or refrigerated temperature (4-7 Degrees C) and packed red blood cells at 4 degrees C to seven Degrees C were used with each warmer at two different flow rates. The FMS 2000 consistently warmed all fluids to approximately 37 Degrees C, regardless of the starting temperature or flow rate. The Level 1 and Ranger also efficiently warmed all fluids except cold LR to approximately 37 Degrees C.