The overarching goal of the NACHOS program is to demonstrate semiconductor lasers that have volume sizes no larger than the cubic of the wavelength in vacuum and can operate at room temperature under electrical injection in continuous-wave mode. Our team has successfully achieved this goal using the semiconductor-metal core-shell design. A secondary goal is to achieve an output power of 2 microwatts under the above operating conditions. We have so far achieved 20 microwatts at 260K and the power scaling indicates that this secondary goal is realizable in the next few months, well within the period of no-cost extension. In addition, many other novel device designs and fabrication approaches have been explored, showing great promises as alternatives to the core-shell design with other appealing features. The overall project consists of several individual tasks with progress detailed in the following pages.
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