Role of Superoxide in the Germination of Bacillus Anthracis Endospores

摘要

The spore forming Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, has achieved notoriety due to its use as a bioterror agent. In the environment, B. anthracis exists as a dormant endospore. Germination of endospores during their internalization within the myeloid phagocyte, and the ability of those endospores to survive exposure to antibacterial killing mechanisms such as superoxide, (O,2-), is a key initial event in the infective process. We report herein that endospores exposed to fluxes of O2(-) typically found in stimulated phagocytes had no effect on viability. further endospores of the Sterne Strain of B. anthracis were found to scavenge O2(-), which may enhance the ability of the bacterium to survive within the hostile environment of the phagoly-sosome. Most intriguing was the observation that endospore germination was stimulated by a flux of O2(-) as low as 1 micrometer/min. Data presented herein suggest that B. anthracis may co-opt O2(-) which is produced by stimulated myeloid phagocytes and is an essential element of host immunity, as a necessary step in productive infection of the host.