Invasive Marine and Estuarine Animals of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska

摘要

New species of estuarine and marine animals are inadvertently or intentionally introduced into the waters of the United States every year. Variously referred to an introduced, nonindigenous (NIS), alien, nonnative, or exotic species, most pose little or no threat; however, a few have the potential to disrupt local ecosystems, fisheries, and human infrastructure. Such invasions directly impact the mission of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) through its responsibilities for construction and maintenance of harbors, ports and waterways, erosion control, management of water resources, and wetland and coastal habitat restoration. The general biology and ecology of invasive estuarine and marine animals have been described in previous works. This report is part of a series describing the biology and ecology of known invasive estuarine and marine animals in the major geographic regions of the United States. Invasive animals of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska are described and species that pose a specific threat to USACE activities are identified.