Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on Family Functioning: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study.

摘要

Background. Previous research has demonstrated a strong link between combat duty and social and family dysfunction. However, most studies of the impact of combat on military families have not been conducted proximal to the time of deployments, and there are many research gaps in understanding the full impact of combat deployment. The current war in Iraq and Afghanistan pose unique stresses on military families. Methods. Over 25,000 surveys have been obtained from U.S. Soldiers and Marines before deployment, during deployment, and up to one year post-deployment. Approximately 40% of these service members are married. In addition, surveys have been collected from military spouses. Outcomes of this analysis included marital satisfaction, divorce, and family violence. Results. Combat duty in Iraq was significantly associated with decreased marital satisfaction, increased intention to divorce, and increased spouse abuse, particularly at the 12-month post-deployment time point. Data from spouse surveys indicated that spouses experience similar rates of depression as Soldiers, but access mental health care at a higher rate. An important finding was that military spouses often rely on primary care for mental health services. Conclusions. Combat duty in Iraq has significant impact on military families. Recommendations for improving services to family members will be presented.