Design and Characterization of Frequency Agile RF and Microwave Devices using Ferroelectrics

摘要

A methodology for the optimized design of tunable distributed resonators is introduced and verified. This technique enables maximum tuning with minimum degradation in quality (Q) factor. The concept of a network transformation factor and a new figure-of-merit for tunable resonators is introduced and applied to experimental data. The figure-of-merit quantifies the trade-off between tunability and Q factor for a given tuning ratio of the variable reactance device. As such, it can be extended to the design of filters, phase shifters, antennas, matching networks and other frequency agile devices where resonant elements are used. Varactors utilizing Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin-film were designed and fabricated in integrated from and also in discrete form as standard 0603 components. High frequency characterization and modeling of BST varactors is described. A novel characterization technique for the intrinsic loss extraction of symmetrical two-port networks was developed and verified experimentally. Both integrated and discrete BST thin-film varactors were used to design, fabricate and characterize frequency-agile circuits. Tunable bandpass and bandstop filters and matching networks are described. A dual-mode, narrowband microstrip patch antenna with independently tunable modes was developed and characterized. Tuning and nonlinear characterization results are presented. Investigation for the use of BST thin- film varactors for voltage-controlled oscillators and phase shifters are also presented. Design parameters, fabrication issues and processing challenges are discussed.