Toxicity of the Cyclic Nitramine Energetic Material CL-20 to Aquatic Receptors.

摘要

We investigated the effects of the cyclic nitramine energetic material CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,1 2-hexanitro-2,4,6,8, 10,12- hexaazaisowurtzitane) on Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea), Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), and Selenastrum capricornutum (green single celled algae). We designed experiments to include two types of exposure: (1) direct amendments of CL-20 to test media, and (2) aquatic elutriates from Sassafras Sandy Loam (SSL) soil amended with various concentrations of CL-20. Selected exposure routes that we simulated for testing included the potential toxicity of CL-20 to aquatic receptors resulting from direct CL-20 release into the aquatic environment, and from contaminated surface soil runoff. CL-20 concentrations in aquatic media were determined using a modified USEPA Method 8330, then correlated with reproduction or growth endpoints using nonlinear regression models to determine the respective IC(sub 20) and IC50 values for CL-20. Experiments using direct amendments of CL-20 to test media resulted in 1020 values of 2.0 mg L for P. promelas (growth), 1.2 mg L(exp -1) for C. dubia (reproduction), and 31 mg L(exp -1) for S. capt/cornutum (growth). In expenm1ents using elutriates from SSL soil amended with CL-20 resulted in 1020 values of 1.4 mg L(exp-1) for P. promelas (growth), 1.1 mg L(exp -1) for C. dubia (reproduction) and >8 mg L(exp -1) for S. capricornutum (growth).