New Concepts for the Development of Carbon Nanotube Materials for Army Related Applications.

摘要

Collective electron excitations in quasi-1D/2D systems such as pristine and hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNs), crossed semiconductor nanowires, and planar graphitic structures, are studied theoretically using rigorous methods of quantum electrodynamics, in order to identify new physical effects of relevance to future applications in advanced nanomaterials engineering. For pristine semiconducting CNs, optically excited excitons are demonstrated to be able to amplify interband plasmons. Strong local coherent fields produced in this way can be used for near-field sensing, energy conversion, and materials nanoscale modification. We also predict the effect of the exciton Bose-Einstein condensation in individual semiconducting CNs. This opens up new horizons for CN based applications ranging from tunable highly coherent polarized light source to the extension of nanoplasmonics research to include a new area of CN plasmonics. For hybrid CN systems consisting of a pair of spatially separated extrinsic atoms, ions, molecules, or quantum dots that are physisorbed on the CN surface, we give recommendations on how to control time evolution of bipartite atomic entanglement in such systems by using strong laser pulses. Such systems are of interest to quantum information science. We also study the Casimir interaction in graphitic nanostructures such as double wall CNs, single layer and bilayer graphene. Overlapping interband plasmon resonances from both tubes are shown to be responsible for stronger inter-tube attraction in double wall CN systems. Graphene optical transparency is demonstrated to be the main reason for the reduced inter- layer graphene attraction as compared to that of perfect metals. Properly chosen materials for substrates and fluid can induce a Casimir repulsion for graphene flakes suspended in a fluid between substrates.