Applications of Polarimetric and Interferometric SAR to Environmental Remote Sensing and its Activities: Recent Advances in Extrawideband Polarimetry, Interferometry and Polarimetric Interferometry in Synthetic Aperture Remote Sensing and its Applications

摘要

The development of Radar Polarimetry and Radar Interferometry is advancing rapidly, and these novel radar technologies are revamping 'Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging' decisively. In this exposition the successive advancements are sketched; beginning with the fundamental formulations and high- lighting the salient points of these diverse remote sensing techniques. Whereas with radar polarimetry the textural fine-structure, target-orientation and shape, symmetries and material constituents can be recovered with considerable improvements above that of standard 'amplitude-only Polarization Radar'; with radar interferometry the spatial (in depth) structure can be explored. In Polarimetric-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POL-IN-SAR) Imaging it is possible to recover such co-registered textural plus spatial properties simultaneously. This includes the extraction of 'Digital Elevation Maps (DEM)' from either 'fully Polarimetric (scattering matrix)' or 'Interferometric (dual antenna) SAR image data takes' with the additional benefit of obtaining co- registered three-dimensional 'POL-IN-DEM' information. Extra-Wide-Band POL-IN- SAR Imaging - when applied to 'Repeat-Pass Image Overlay Interferometry' - provides differential background validation and measurement, stress assessment, and environmental stress-change monitoring capabilities with hitherto unattained accuracy, which are essential tools for improved global biomass estimation.