Effects of Low-Level Radio-Frequency (3 kHz to 300 GHz) Energy on Human Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Immune, and Other Systems: A Review of the Recent Literature

摘要

Occupational or residential exposures to radio-frequency energy (RFE), including microwaves, have been alleged to result in health problems. This paper is a narrative review of the recent medical and scientific literature (from mid-1998 through early 2006) dealing with possible effects of RFE on humans, relating to topics other than cancer, tumors, and central nervous system effects (areas covered in a previous review). Subject areas in this review include effects on cardiovascular, reproductive, and immune systems. Although both beneficial and negative detrimental effects were reported in some studies, in a majority of instances no significant health effects were found. Consistent, strong associations were not found for RFE exposure and adverse health effects. Most findings of investigations were not consistent with health hazards. On the basis of previous reviews of older literature and the current review of recent literature, one can conclude that the evidence for any proven health effects (related to the topics above) of low- level RFE exposure is minimal.